Lead acid batteries are a mature and reliable energy storage device. Although they may not be as good as some emerging technologies in terms of energy density and lifespan, their low cost and good stability still make them irreplaceable in many applications. With the advancement of technology, we can expect further improvement in the performance of lead-acid batteries to meet the needs of more fields. At the same time, the recycling and treatment of lead also require our continuous attention and improvement to achieve more environmentally friendly and sustainable energy storage solutions.