Currently, the external optical path of laser cutting machines mainly adopts a flying optical path system. The light beam emitted from the laser generator passes through mirrors 1, 2, and 3 and reaches the focusing lens on the cutting head. After focusing, it forms a spot on the surface of the material to be processed. The reflective lens 1 is fixed on the body without moving; Reflector 2 on the crossbeam moves in the x-direction with the movement of the crossbeam; Mirror 3 on the z-axis moves in the y-direction with the movement of the z-axis. It is not difficult to see from the figure that during the cutting process, as the crossbeam moves in the x-direction and the z-axis part moves in the y-direction, the length of the optical path constantly changes.

A laser cutting machine focuses the laser emitted from the laser into a high-power density laser beam through an optical path system. The laser beam irradiates the surface of the workpiece, causing it to reach its melting or boiling point, while the high-pressure gas coaxial with the beam blows away the melted or vaporized metal.

As the beam of light moves relative to the workpiece, it ultimately forms a cutting seam in the material, thereby achieving the purpose of cutting.