The biggest problem with light bulbs is the sublimation of the filament. Due to the slight difference in resistance on the tungsten wire, the temperature varies. In areas with higher resistance, the temperature rises higher and the tungsten wire sublimates faster, resulting in a cycle where the tungsten wire becomes thinner and the resistance further increases; Finally, it caused the tungsten wire to burn out. Later, it was discovered that replacing vacuum with inert gas could slow down the sublimation of tungsten wire. Today, most electric light bulbs are filled with nitrogen, argon, or krypton gas.

A light bulb refers to an illumination source that emits light and heat through electrical energy. It was invented by Henry Goebbels in 1854, and Thomas Alva Edison found a more suitable material to develop an incandescent lamp. A light bulb is made based on the principle of the thermal effect of electric current. After the light bulb is connected to the rated voltage, the current passes through the filament and is heated to an incandescent state (above 2000C), generating heat and emitting light, thereby converting electrical energy into internal energy and light energy during operation.