By analyzing the material characteristics, usage conditions, service conditions, and other factors of quenched parts, the technical conditions and product quality requirements are clarified, and then the laser quenching hardening model is selected and the laser quenching process parameters are determined. At the same time, the operability, production efficiency, and economic benefits of the process should also be considered. The laser beam mode is divided into multimode beam, low-order mode beam, and fundamental mode beam, which are generally used for laser heat treatment.

Laser heat treatment, also known as laser quenching or laser phase transformation hardening, is a process in which a high-energy laser beam is used to quickly scan the workpiece, causing the surface temperature of the irradiated metal or alloy to rise above the phase transformation point at an extremely fast rate. When the laser beam leaves the irradiated area, due to thermal conduction, the cold substrate rapidly cools down and undergoes self cooling quenching to obtain a finer hardened layer structure, with a hardness generally higher than that of conventional quenching.